GOALEM from Prague

نویسندگان

  • B. Kirchmann
  • P. Kopecky
  • Z. Zdrahal
چکیده

Our p u r p o s e i s t o i n f o r m o f t h e p r e s e n t r e s u l t s a c h i e v e d a t C z e c h T e c h n i c a l U n i v e r s i t y , D e p a r t m e n t o f C o n t r o l i n t h e f i e l d o f r o b o t i c s . GOALEM ( G O A L o r i e n t e d E l e c t r i o a l M a n i p u l a t o r ) i s a c o m p u t e r c o n t r o l l e d e l e c t r o m e c h a n i c a l a r m w i t h 6 d e g r e e s o f f r e e d o m a n d a n a u t o n o m o u s v i s i o n s y s t e m . D e s i g n o f t h e a rm m e c h a n i c s s u p p o s e s t h e a p p r o x i m a t e l o a d o f 0 . 5 k g . I t s g e o m e t r i c p a r a m e t e r s a r e s i m i l a r t o t h o s e o f a human a r m . D .C . m o t o r s a r e u s e d t o a c t u a t e e a c h j o i n t . K i n e m a t i c s t r u c t u r e a n d m e c h a n i c a l a r r a n g e ment o f t h e a r m i s shown a t t h e p i c t u r e a t t a c h e d b e l o w . A c l o s e d l o o p m o t i o n c o n t r o l l e r g e t s i n f o r m a t i o n o n c u r r e n t s t a t e o f j o i n t s t r o u g h a n a l o g p o s i t i o n a n d v e l o c i t y s e n s o r s . The l o w e s t l e v e l m o t i o n c o n t r o l l o o p i s p a r t l y c l o s e d t h r o u g h t h e c o m p u t e r a n d a n a l o g c i r c u i t s i n t r o d u c e c o m p u t e r i n d e p e n d e n t v e l o c i t y l o o p * I n t h e c o m p u t e r memory t h e d y n a m i c m o d e l i s c o n s t r u c t e d a n d i m p r o v e d d u r i n g t h e e x e c u t i o n o f m o t i o n s . V a r i a t i o n s o f i n e r t i a moments a n d g r a v i t y l o a d a r e t a k e n i n t o a c c o u n t . P a r a m e t e r s p a c e i s d i s o r e t i z e d w i t h r e s p e c t t o a rm c o n f i g u r a t i o n a n d t h e p a r a m e t e r v a l u e s a r e p r e c i s e d d u r i n g a c t i o n . The w h o l e s y s t e m e n a b l e s t o g e n e r a t e c o o r d i n a t e d movement a l o n g t h e p r e s c r i b e d t r a j e c t o r y i n t h e w o r k i n g s p a c e . T h i s c o n t r o l l e v e l p e r f o r m s t r a n s f o r m a t i o n o f command p o s i t i o n a n d o r i e n t a t i o n o f j a w s s p e c i f i e d i n t h e r e f e r e n o e f r a m e t o c o r r e s p o n d i n g j o i n t v a r i a b l e s . A s i m p l e man m a c h i n e i n t e r f a c e h a s b e e n s e t f o r o p e r a t o r t o h e l p h i m t o g e n e r a t e b a s i c movemen ts i n s y m b o l i c l a n g u a g e . D i s l o c a t i o n o f o b j e c t s o n t h e w o r k i n g f l o o r c a n b e s p e c i f i e d b y means o f t h e v i s i o n s y s t e m o p e r a t i n g a t t h e same c o m p u t e r . A p i c t u r e s c a n n e d b y t h e v i d i c o n T V c a m e r a i s s a m p l e d a n d s t o r e d i n t h e c o m p u t e r memory . M a x i m a l r e s o l u t i o n o f d i g i t i z e d p i c t u r e a t t a i n s 130 x 180 p o i n t s , b u t o n l y 128 x 128 o r 6 4 x 6 4 p o i n t s a r e u s u a l l y p r o c e s s e d . L i g h t i n t e n s i t y i s d i v i d e d i n t o 1 6 l e v e l s ( 4 b i t w o r d ) . I n t h e phase o f r e a l t i m e p r o c e s s i n g a map o f t h e w o r k i n g s p a c e i s c o n s t r u c t e d o n t h e b a s e o f t h e s e d a t a . The map i s s t o r e d i n t e r m s o f c o o r d i n a t e s o f o b j e c t s . N a t u r a l l y , o n l y s i m p l e b o d i e s a r e c o n s i d e r e d . The w h o l e d e v e l o p m e n t i s d i r e c t e d t o t h e a c c o m p l i s h m e n t o f a s s e m b l y t a s k . F o r t h i s p u r p o s e a v i s i o n s y s t e m u s i n g two T V c a m e r a s i s i n p r e p a r a t i o n . The a b o v e m e n t i o n e d map w i l l s e r v e f o r a p p r o x i m a t e n a v i g a t i o n o f t h e a r m s j a w s a n d a s i m p l e p l a n g e n e r a t i o n . The p l a n p r e s c r i b e s o n l y t h e s e q u e n c e o f a c t i o n s a n d i s n o t c o n s i d e r e d a s a s u b s t a n t i o n a l a i m . E a c h a c t i o n w i l l c o n s i s t f r o m t w o p a r t i a l m o t i o n s :

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تاریخ انتشار 1977